lDepartment of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. kSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. jDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131. iDivision of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024. hSchool of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St. gSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom. fInstituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. eDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459. dDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. cSchool of Geographical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1SS, United Kingdom. bSection 3.3, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. 
aDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. If the impetus was provided by the opponent, it is a touchback. If a ball is fumbled in a team’s own end zone or in the field of play and goes out of bounds in the end zone, it is a safety, if that team provided the impetus that sent the ball into the end zone (See 11-5-1 for exception for momentum). If a ball is fumbled in the field of play, and goes forward into the opponent’s end zone and over the end line or sideline, a touchback is awarded to the defensive team or. When a fumble goes out of bounds in the end zone, the following shall apply: Notwithstanding any of the above, when there has not been a change of possession during the down, and the spot of the ball is not at or beyond the line to gain after fourth down, the ball is awarded to Team B at the spot that the ball is declared dead. If the impetus was provided by the opponent, the play will result in a touchback or If a ball is fumbled in a team’s own end zone and goes forward into the field of play and out of bounds, it will result in a safety, if that team provided the impetus that put the ball into the end zone (See 11-5-1 for exception for momentum). If a fumble goes forward and out of bounds, the ball is next put in play at the spot of the fumble by the team that was last in possession. If a fumble goes backward and out of bounds, the ball is next put in play at the inbounds spot by the team that was last in possession. When a fumble goes out of bounds between the goal lines, the following shall apply: For a legal recovery of a fumble, see 3-2-7. 
Any player of either team may recover or catch a fumble and advance, either before or after the ball strikes the ground. A fumble is any act, other than a pass or kick, which results in a loss of player possession.Įxception: If a runner intentionally fumbles forward, it is a forward pass ( 3-22).
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